Low-temperature synthesis and characterization of lead-free BaTi0.89Sn0.11O3 piezoelectric powders

Barium stannate titanate (BaTi0.89Sn0.11O3, BTS11) is one of the reported lead-free materials that exhibit high dielectric and piezoelectric properties near ambient temperature. In this work, BTS11 powders were elaborated via a soft chemistry method at very low temperatures using two synthesized approaches combining sol-gel hydrothermal processes. first approach, effect barium precursor on purity crystallinity studied. contrast, in second influence temperature proprieties was analyzed. As result, pure uniform fine obtained 180 °C. The appropriate mass fraction BTS11, which leads to suspension stability water, below 3%. These eco-friendly can be used without further heat-treatment several applications such as decontamination organic pollutants photocatalyst, hydrogen generation fillers flexible nanocomposites nano-generators for energy harvesting storage.